June 3-7, 2024 Research Recap and Plan

 June 3-7 Research recap

Started out the week visiting out American Chestnut plantings. We first visited our deer-free urban site and 9/9 were still good and growing. Then we visited our deer+urban site and, well, 0/9 chestnuts survived after one week. Only two oaks were recovered. Now here's the interesting thing - the two that were found showed no evidence of herbivory. They were just snipped off at the base. One looked chewed. I have a few chestnuts left over and I think I'll put some out and put a game camera on them to see what's happening to them. There are squirrels at both sites so I suspect it might be some other critter. 

We ended the week at the food web site. Captured a few mice, which is very important to our research. Not only are they omnivores (so flexible diets will tell us what's out there) but we also captured them in our original study. We also captured a Field Sparrow and Indigo Bunting (below). Many many other birds are on the site so more work to do! One of the more interesting things I found was a morning dove nest on the ground! 

This coming week, we're checking on our chestnut plantings, setting out some Audiomoths and game cameras. Should do some shrub and plant inventories as well. The point of all this is to figure out what drives plant diversity in urban woodlots. We need to look at what birds are there (to bring in seeds) and what mammals are there (to consume seeds.. and bring seeds in too). 

June 2024 Research Update - the month of Meh

 I've been in the research season for two weeks now. 

We randomly planted nine American Chestnut seedlings at three sites along a 25-m transect. Two of these sites have deer and one does not and we're going to visit every other week to note the state of the seedlings. We tagged each tree with small aluminum tags. 

We went to one site that should not have deer. It is completely surrounded by dense urban development. If you're curious, check out the end of Court Street in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Yet, there was literally a deer waiting for us when we pulled up. Unreal. I'll need to talk to a local about the deer because I have no idea how a deer would get there. The forest there was utterly devoid of native vegetation in the understory. 

We also tagged a number of oak seedling and saplings. We'll follow these plants for years - I hope. 

This week we'll water the plants, tag some more oaks, and set out a few more audiomoths and game cameras. 

 Summer 2024 Research Agenda

A student asked what research I was doing this summer and I thought I would pen to paper and see how ambitious my plan was. Here's what I would like to work on this summer:

Urban Ecology

As human settlement spreads across the planet, interesting ecological questions arise. For example, with increasing urbanization, any remnant woodlots become increasingly isolated - both in terms of distance from other woodlots and intensity of separation. It is one thing for a woodlot to be isolated by a pasture and another to be separated by a city. Or does it?  

I think of isolated woodlots as islands and the diversity within islands as driven by colonization (by birds and mammals mostly) and extinction (by deer and other herbivores). This follows Robert MacArthur and E.O. Wilson's Island Biogeographic Theory - a theory that has been central to my thinking since graduating from Rutgers in 1991. I plan on making this a research theme for at least two years or longer if other avenues are less productive. 

We examined the diversity of trees in a number of woodlots across Wilkes-Barre that varied by their connectedness to other woodlots. Other factors we examined were the presence of deer, which are though to drive the establishment of seedlings. Eventually I would love to sample birds and see what seeds they are moving. That's later. 

This summer I plan to

• Survey tree diversity in a few more sites
• 10 m radius circles, all woody plants > 2 cm dbh 
• 2 samples per 10 ha
• Plant a few oak seedlings and chestnut seedlings in a woodlot with deer and one without
• I have 10 oak and 40 chestnut seedlings 
• Put down a 50 m transect and plant seedlings at random points. 
• Visit every two weeks until September 
• May need to put down a mesh to protect the nut from squirrels
• Measure shrub and understory plant diversity 
• More camera trapping

I think I can pull this off with about 1/3 of the summer available. I'd like to work on this project Mondays and Fridays. 

Lehigh Gap Nature Center (LGNC) Food Web: Updated

Ned Fetcher and I and a few other authors published a food web from the LGNC based on sampling about 15 years ago. Since then (1) the site has become shrubbier and the soils (I assume) have become more developed and (2) I have learned a ton about food webs and what to measure. Ned and I plan on returning and sampling and seeing how the food web has changed. 

To that end, we plan on

• Doing sweep samples (which collects dozens of arthropods per sample x a dozen samples)
• Running pitfalls (collects a dozen or so arthropods/sample x dozens of pitfalls) 
• Running a few Berlese funnel samples (new for the project and samples arthropods less mobile than pitfall samples
• Sampling birds and getting blood samples 
• Small mammal trapping to get mouse hair samples 
• Hair snares to get other hair samples (either barbed wire or hair brushes) 

Because this project involves travel and planning - I will likely do this Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday. 

Catch up: Bug sorting and DNA barcoding

We have thoooooouuuuuusands of invertebrate samples that still need to be processed (sorted into species, photographed, entered into a database. Oi! 

• I'd like to barcode wasps (so much diversity!!!)
• Send off the omnivores to get isotoped
  
  

Rainy day unless a student just wants to tackle this! 

Catch up: papers 

No particular order ;) 

1. Caterpillar paper (oldish, needs reanalysis per reviewers)
2. West GA diversity stuff (really old)
3. West GA bluebirds (really old) 
4. Fire and food webs (new)